紀要論文

馬の彫刻家 後藤貞行と解剖学

Sculptor Goto Sadayuki and the Anatomy of Horses

jpn

13445952

https://doi.org/10.15002/00021004

法政大学社会学部学会

50

2

174

234

2003-12

Version of Record

Acchile San Giovanni visited Japan on 2nd February 1880 as an art teacher, being invited at Kōbu Bijutsu Gakko，a government art school founded in November 1876 and abolished in January 1883. He much valued anatomy as much as Vincenzo Ragusa(1841～1927), engaging the services of anatomist, Kyōhei Tamakoshi at Tokyo university. Lecturer Tamakoshi started teaching anatomy two times a week for the art students at Kōbu Bijutsu Gakko from January in the 14th of the Meiji era (i.e.1881)，occasionally dissecting monkeys and visiting the school of medicine，Tokyo university, with students for the study of anatomy. This was a formal beginning of teaching anatomy to art students in Japan． Tokyo Bijutsu Gakko(later Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music） was founded in February 1889. Kakuzo Okakura，the president of the school，took a serious view of art anatomy before the opening of the school. Though the atmosphere of contempt of art anatomy prevailed among the teaching staff, Kōun Takamura（1852～1934)， a famous sculptor at that time, spoke in support of the subject.It was Takamura who highly recommended Sadayuki Goto（1849～1903)， an expert on horses, for the teacher of anatomy to the President Okakura． Goto taught the anatomy of horses and human anatomy at Tokyo Bijutsu Gakko in the 23rd year of the Meiji era(i.ｅ.1889) and in the 28th year of the same era（i.e.1895） for only about two years at irregular intervals. The main topic of this essay is to clarify the reference books used by Goto when giving lectures to art students. Sadayuki Goto was born on 23rd December in the year of Kaei(i.e.1849） as a second son of Mataichi Goto of wakayama clan. His father was engaged as a liaison of the clan. In his youth Sadayuki was trained to be a warrior，being taught military arts and learning. In August of the second year of Keio(i.ｅ.1866), he was ordered to come up to Edo(nowadays Tokyo)to be trained as a cavalryman at the Kiheijo(i.e.station for cavalry soldiers)．While there he seemed to have attended the class on horse anatomy delivered by August Marie Léon Descharmes(1834～1916), a French lieutenant of horses． Since the French officer drew untrained pictures， Goto started to paint oil paintings influenced by him. After the Meiji Restoration Goto was appointed noncommissioned officer of the cavalry. While he was on duty in charge of the stables， he sometimes drew pictures of horses whenever he was free． In March of the 9th year of the Meiji era(i.e.1876), Goto was ordered to teach drawing at Toyama Gakko of the army and was on duty till March of the 13th year of the same era(i.e.1880).While there he was taught anatomy of horses by Atsuyoshi Ozawa, a horse doctor. Goto was engaged not only in drawing horses but in studying external features of them. After the Satsuma Rebellion he was absorbed in carving horses, giving up studying for promotion. It July in the 17th year of the Meiji era(i.e.1884), Goto left the service of the army and in the following year he worked for the Nōshōmusho(i.ｅ.Department of Commerce and Agriculture), procuring horses for the army. On the 23rd of April of the 22nd year of the Meiji era（i.e.1889), Goto was hired at Tokyo Bijutsu Gakko with s salary of 25 yen per month. He first taught horse anatomy and then human anatomy to the students. Goto wrote two books in manuscript which are preserved now at Tokyo Kokuritsu Bunkazai Kenkyūjo(i.e. Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties) at Ueno, Tokyo． One is called˝Batai"(i.e. body of horse), and the other is ˝Jintai Kaibo"(i.e. human anatomy). These two books were presumably based on his lectures. It is presumed that Goto had a thorough knowledge of horses through his sharp eye for them since he was young. But neither the observing eyes or the power of observation is good enough to give lectures on horse anatomy. What is most important is a knowledge of horses based on deep learning. Although Goto seemed to be well versed in horses, he must have lacked an academic knowledge of them. In order to make up for his expert knowledge, he resorted to using some technical books. One of the books he consulted was ˝Bagaku Setsuyaku" (『馬学説約』) by Heizo Ōkura, a teacher and cavalry officer at Military Academy in Tokyo. Later on when giving lectures on human anatomy, Goto used the translation of ˝Kaibo Tekiyo"(『解剖摘要｣), a digest of anatomy, by Neele and Smith at a Pensilvanian school in the U.S. This translation was published in the 9th year of the Meiji era(i.e.1876) at Keikendo, Tokyo. Also, he depended on ˝Bijutsu Oyō Kaibo gaku"（『美術応用解剖学』), anatomy applied for the art, written by Shigeichiro Taguchi published in the 25th year of the Meiji era(i.e.1892). When Goto was asked to teach art anatomy at Tokyo Bijutsu Gakko,he was neither able to consult with Western technical books nor had he someone to help him prepare for his lessons. He had to prepare for everything by himself. He was a devoted scholar of horses.

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