地域イノベーション

組織再編

社会ネットワーク

Local community organization

Reorganization

Social network

研究の概要(和文)：本研究では、合併前の自治体（旧町村）単位に新たな住民自治組織を再編しようとする事例において、組織変化を時系列的に検証し、どのような要因が組織の融合に寄与し、いかなるプロセスを経て新たな組織が形成されていくのかを明らかにした。この結果、岩村地域では、各種団体が個別に活動しており、まちづくり実行組織の各部会の連携も乏しいことがわかった。また、山岡地域は旧来から既存組織で培われた慣習や意思決定の手順に基づいてまちづくり実行組織を運営していた。一方で串原地域は、これまでの慣習や意思決定方法と役割分担を見直し、まちづくり実行組織を運営する方式を採用していた。これら組織間の動向を検証したところ、以下の 3 つの特徴が明らかとなった。 （1）岩村地域では、まちづくり実行組織設立の説明段階で、各種団体が連携するような広域的な取り組みがなく、新組織設立の段階で振興事務所職員が関与したものの、その後の組織連携は進みにくい状況 （2）山岡地域は旧町のバックアップのもとで地域住民がNPO を設立し運営を継続しているものの、地域外の人間が関与しにくい組織 （3）串原地域では、地域内外の関係者の役割分担を明確にする一方、相互の意見交換を促すような事業を意図的に立ち上げ以上のように、住民自治組織の再編パターンが 3 つに分類されることがわかった。特に「包摂型」を念頭に置いた住民自治組織の立ち上げを目指す場合、串原地域のような地域内外のさまざまな主体を取り結ぶ場づくりは、既存組織と新組織のあり方を考える上で大きな示唆を与えるものと考える。

研究の概要(英文)：In this research, an attempt at reorganization was serially verified [by a self-governing body before a merger] for a local community organization that was new in a unit (of old towns and villages) following the example of a "simultaneous intermediate type." Based on this, serial analysis was conducted for all the regions in Iwamura, Yamaoka, and Kushihara as a representative area. The results showed that in the Iwamura area, various organizations were working individually and that cooperation between each of the city planning boards was scarce. Another finding was that the Yamaoka area was managing its city planning board based on a custom cultivated by the existing structure, or the procedure of decision making. On the other hand, the Kushihara area improved upon old customs and the decision-making method, and was managing its city planning board. When the information from the analysis was verified, from the viewpoint of inter-organizational relations, the following three features became clear. 1) In the Iwamura area, there was no indication that the various organizations cooperated comprehensively in the beginning of the establishment of a city planning board. Moreover, the administrative officer was lacking in participation. 2) In the Yamaoka area, the local residents established an NPO to support the old town. However, it became an organization in which people outside the area could not easily become involved. 3) In the Kushihara area, there existed a clear division of roles concerning the local people and those outside the area. Moreover, an enterprise aimed at fostering a mutual exchange of opinions was started intentionally. As mentioned above, it turned out that the reorganization pattern of a local community organization was roughly classified into three, and the inclusion condition of the existing structure in a local community organization. Support that promotes the internal and external production of a network, especially in the Kushihara area, is highly meaningful from the viewpoint of inter-organizational relations.

209 地域研究センター ＞ 紀要 ＞ 地域イノベーション：JRPS：journal for regional policy studies ＞ 6