紀要論文

アルペンスキー史のバイオメカニクス及びサイバネティクス的考察

Discussion on the History of Alpine Ski Technique from the Perspectives of Biomechanics and Cybernetics

jpn

21853703

https://doi.org/10.15002/00007253

法政大学スポーツ健康学部

2

31

50

2011-03-30

Version of Record

The alpine skiing technique was invented by Mathias Zdarsky, a pioneer of skiing in Austria, to deal with the steep slopes in Western Europe. The Lilienfeld skiing technique created by Zdarsky in 1896 was highly practical - one walking stick and relatively short skis with a toe-piece binding which allowed him to raise his heels. With these technologies, he could ski down any steep slopes. Army Colonel Georg Bilgeri improved Zdarsky's technology for military purposes and expanded the range of skiers'activity. To travel in various terrains, to accelerate the speed and to keep one's balance, he adopted the two-stick method and introduced the Telemark technique, which successfully popularized skiing. The skiing technique invented by Bilgeri was inherited and further developed by Hannes Schneider, who is known as a ski genius in the Arlberg ski area. By that time, toe bindings were used in order to allow people to be active on the mountains. For master skiers in Arlberg, the vast backcountry was their playing field. Anton Seelos fully understood the needs of bindings that firmly attach heels to skis and tough steel edges with plywood skis for skiing on differing terrains. Adopting this equipment increased the mobility of a skier's body tremendously. Seelos combined "the rotation technique" and "the Beinspiel technique"? no match for the previous styles. Prof. Stefan Kruckenhauser put an end to this debate based on the perspectives of biomechanics and kinesiology. The rapid development of industrial technology made it possible for skiers to ski faster and more comfortably on groomed terrains. Prof. Hoppichler introduced a new Austrian ski teaching method known as "Schwingen'". In this method, we can find the precursor of the upcoming Curving-ski era. In the 1990s, Curving-ski had spread throughout the world and gained a firm presence in the Alpine Ski Technique system. Behind such developments in Alpine Ski technique, improvements of systematic and technical environments in all aspects were essential ? for example, groomed terrains, skis, stocks, ski bindings and ski boots. Therefore, in order to precisely analyze the modern skiing technique, we need to research both the theory and practice as a "Man-machine system" from the perspectives of biomechanics and cybernetics.

Article

AA12484191