紀要論文

ブルガリアにおける社会体制の変化に伴う羊の移牧の変貌

Transfiguration of sheep transhumance in Bulgaria since the change from the socialistic regime

jpn

04412486

https://doi.org/10.15002/00006750

法政大学文学部

60

97

111

2010-03-10

Version of Record

Bulgaria underwent a change from a socialistic regime in December 1989, and joined the EU as a member in January 2007. This article describes the transfiguration of sheep transhumance in accordance with these political and economic changes in Bulgaria. Before the First World War, intermediate-stationed transhumance of sheep was common. Bulgarians and Karakatchans moved up into the highlands of 1,400 ～ 1,600m a.s.l. in the Rodopi and Stara Mountains during summer, and down to the Aegean and Black Sea coasts during winter. After the Second World War, sheep transhumance continued under socialistic control. The Bulgarians had their summer camps, which were huge cottages for 50 shepherds and their sheep, in the Rodopi region. The Karakatchans stayed in cottages, with sheep, shepherds and families living together, in the Stara Mts. after 1959. The Karakatchans have lost their own culture and techniques of transhumance since 1959, because strong pressures for socialization of the people made it difficult for them to move freely with their sheep in the mountainous areas. The number of sheep decreased sharply after the collapse of the socialistic regime in 1989. After Bulgaria joined the EU, sheep numbers still remained small in that country. These changes in sheep numbers have had a strong effect on the degradation of grassland as pasture. The pasture areas in the Stara Mts., in particular, have undergone afforestation since 1959 in the absence of strong stress from sheep grazing, because transhumance was stopped. In the mountain highlands, bushes and trees invaded the pastures after the collapse of the socialistic regime. Some places have Pinus sylvestris 16-20 years in age spreading in previous pasture areas. It seems that the quality of pasture grasses has become very poor for sheep. It can be said that the great potential for sheep transhumance has been lost in the pastures of Bulgaria already.

Article

AN00226157